2009年12月2日 星期三

文章分享:*宿便-你所不知道的可怕真相*!

宿便-你所不知道的可怕真相! 真相一:現代人的消化速度超級慢!人吃進的食物經過消化道到排泄大約需要8~12小時,但 discovery頻道
曾報導,與以前的人相比,現代人的消化速度只有十分之一
,過去人類8~12小時就能消化掉的食物,在現代人缺乏纖維素及少吃蔬果的狀況下,竟然需要80~120個鐘頭。
你在馬桶上嗯嗯出來的東西,竟然是3天前吃的東西,
可見體內的廢物會存在相當久的時間,宿便積貯良久之下,
會產生許多毒素,對人體產生危害。
真相二:每天嗯嗯也不夠
不要以為你每天嗯嗯,體內就沒有宿便了!這是絕對錯誤的想法,根據醫學報導,不論胖瘦,每個人體內都有宿便,這些嗯嗯都無聲無息囤積在你的大腸小腸裡。正常人體內有3~6㎏的宿便,肥胖、便秘者體內則有7~11㎏的宿便。女性朋友請想想,妳45kg的曼妙身材中,
竟然有6kg的宿便占去妳的體重,這是何等可怕的事。
宿便的產生三大問題:
1. 宿便會阻礙營養吸收,也壓迫小腸絨毛的活力及彈性。
如果宿便讓腸道不美麗,即使吃了有益健康、有營養價值的食物
或基本套餐,養份還是無法真正吸收到, 宿便不常排出或有便秘的成員,
身體甚至會吸收不到健康食品中五分之一的營養素。
你每月消費的健康品可就發揮不了最大的效果了。 2... 宿便脹氣發酵後,會經由血液致病。小腸內的宿便,一旦發酵、脹氣後,所產生的化學毒素會污染血液,進而逐漸循環全身,終致造成酸毒症(acidosis),
同時會加重肝、腎、皮膚三大排毒器官的負擔。 常疲勞、腳底痛、感覺睡不飽,或許就是 宿便 先生造成的哦! 3. 宿便會不知不覺讓身材變形。即使你體內有滿滿的
宿便,你可能也不曾察覺。它會撐大你的小腹,並壓迫內臟,改變腹部及脊椎形狀,
更是產生肥胖的重要因素。 相信大家常看到四五十多歲的男性朋友小腹撐起,
怎麼減也減不下來吧,這類的人,小腸中至少藏有 十公斤 左右的宿便,真可謂是「宿便男」、「大便爸爸」或是「便便人」! 如何因應宿便的問題
現代人生活緊張忙碌,普遍都有排便量不足的狀況,甚至有便秘的問題。一般的上班族婦女,一天的排便量可能只有100公克,排便量與每天吃進去的食物,實在不成正比。更何況,有的人工作壓力大,甚至會有二三天拉不出屎,得連續唱著:
∼我想嗯∼但是嗯不出來∼等到便便像海
∼淹沒我∼∼
纖維素是清洗腸道的最佳營養素,這是很重要的, 因為人體有70%的免疫系統都在腸道中抵禦細茵或病毒的攻擊, 只要腸道顧好,人體可以避免掉
70%患病的機率!

自己與家人每天最好也一起執行以下的建議,幫身體排毒兼減肥:(1) 每天步行10000步,需要一步一步算嗎?
不用,一天就是散步走一小時路就對了(2) 早上一起床,請喝500cc的溫開水,每天至少要喝2000cc的開水
( 3 ) 每天一定要吃五到九種蔬果,不同顏色最好。 一週一次的一公斤排毒餐:若無法每天為自己及家人小孩的身體進行排毒,
建議可以一週一次,吃 一公斤 排毒餐。照醫生的說法,週末1公斤 宿便排毒餐的原理,
是利用大量的纖維質清洗腸道。
不需要節食,只是把週五與週六晚上的晚餐,用排毒餐取代,
即可達到周日上午痛快掃除宿便的夢想!
週五晚上:250克 優酪乳+ 500克 地瓜(蒸熟連皮吃)+蘋果2個
  週六晚上:250克 優酪乳+ 500克 地瓜(蒸熟連皮吃)
  周日早上:請痛快嗯嗯,徹底清除宿便。
(完)
哦!原來「宿便」還有這麼多不知道的可怕真相!
要重視自己的身體ㄛ

2009年10月20日 星期二

上補習班 ??



文╱洪蘭 國立中央大學認知神經科學研究所教授兼所長
假日空閒時間,爸媽與其忙著送孩子上補習班、參加活動,不如讓孩子自在地待在家中,盡情遊戲與閱讀,即使作點白日夢也能讓腦筋充電,身心舒暢。

華人父母不善表達對孩子的愛,總以為買最貴的玩具、上最貴的補習班就是愛,殊不知小孩子要的是安全感,即父母的關心和注意。我小時候,有一年暑假,母親送我去外婆家住,免得我跟妹妹吵架,她耳朵不得清淨。但是我一直想回家,而且心中很受傷害,覺得媽媽不要我了,為什麼送我去而不送妹妹去呢?那種家人不喜歡我,不要我的感覺很不好,也因此後來故意叛逆,著實讓我母親傷過一陣子腦筋。

自由開放的空間激發無限創意
人家說「金窩、銀窩,不如家裡的草窩」,父母在的地方就是家,父母不在的地方,再好也不是自己的家。暑假應該是讓孩子歇一下、喘口氣、作點白日夢的時間,不要把它塞的滿滿的。

《天地一沙鷗》的作者李察巴哈有個非常叛逆的兒子,九年級就中輟,但是20歲就進蘋果電腦公司,24歲做到軟體測試部的經理。他一直不了解為什麼大人對作白日夢這麼反感,他說作白日夢是他最快樂的時光,也是他創造力的泉源。
他允許他的屬下做白日夢,也鼓勵他們用上班時間跟別人交談,因為很多解決問題的靈感就是在談話中突然出現的。
他一直認為創造力要在自由和開放的空間才可能出現,若把孩子管的太嚴、綁的太緊,點子是出不來的。

沉浸書中和圖書館勝過上補習班
我非常慶幸我小時候沒有補習班,所以我暑假看了很多好書,《基督山恩仇記》和《西遊記》是看到幾乎會背,因為家中書不多,每年暑假必重看一遍,看多了自然成為記憶的一部分。

《基督山恩仇記》最後一句話「人生是等待與希望」也對我有很大的啟示,碰到挫折時常會想到它。所以不要見不得孩子閒閒沒事做,手不在動不代表大腦不在動。送他去圖書館,給他一點自由的時間和空間,隨他去探索,去和書中人物對談。我甚至覺得連暑假作業都不必,要玩就痛快地玩,玩夠了自然想讀書,那時效果還更好呢!

只要教會孩子「對人感激,對己克制,對事盡力,對物珍惜」就可以放心地放手,只有被人尊重的孩子才會自重與自愛。

Anxiety, Fears, and Phobias 文章分享

Everyone, from the youngest child to the oldest adult, experiences anxieties and fears at one time or another. Feeling anxious in a particularly uncomfortable situation never feels very good. However, with kids, such feelings are not only normal, they're also necessary. Experiencing and dealing with anxieties can prepare young people to handle the unsettling experiences and challenging situations of life.

Anxieties and Fears Are Normal

Anxiety is defined as "apprehension without apparent cause." It usually occurs when there's no immediate threat to a person's safety or well being, but the threat feels real.

Anxiety makes someone want to escape the situation — fast. The heart beats quickly, the body might begin to perspire, and "butterflies" in the stomach soon follow. However, a little bit of anxiety can actually help people stay alert and focused.

Having fears or anxieties about certain things can also be helpful because it makes kids behave in a safe way. For example, a kid with a fear of fire would avoid playing with matches.

The nature of anxieties and fears change as kids grow and develop:

  • Babies experience stranger anxiety, clinging to parents when confronted by people they don't recognize.
  • Toddlers around 10 to 18 months old experience separation anxiety, becoming emotionally distressed when one or both parents leave.
  • Kids ages 4 through 6 have anxiety about things that aren't based in reality, such as fears of monsters and ghosts.
  • Kids ages 7 through 12 often have fears that reflect real circumstances that may happen to them, such as bodily injury and natural disaster.

As kids grow, one fear may disappear or replace another. For example, a child who couldn't

sleep with the light off at age 5 may enjoy a ghost story at a slumber party years later. And some fears may extend only to one particular kind of stimulus. In other words, a child may want to pet a lion at the zoo but wouldn't dream of going near the neighbor's dog.

Signs of Anxiety

Typical childhood fears change with age. They include fear of strangers, heights, darkness, animals, blood, insects, and being left alone. Kids often learn to fear a specific object or situation after having an unpleasant experience, such as a dog bite or an accident.

Separation anxiety is common when young children are starting school, whereas adolescents may experience anxiety related to social acceptance and academic achievement.

If anxious feelings persist, they can take a toll on a child's sense of well being. The anxiety associated with social avoidance can have long-term effects. For example, a child with fear of being rejected can fail to learn important social skills, causing social isolation.

Many adults are tormented by fears that stem from childhood experiences. An adult's fear of public speaking may be the result of embarrassment in front of peers many years before. It's important for parents to recognize and identify the signs and symptoms of kids' anxieties so that fears don't get in the way of everyday life.

Some signs that a child may be anxious about something may include:

  • becoming clingy, impulsive, or distracted
  • nervous movements, such as temporary twitches
  • problems getting to sleep and/or staying asleep longer than usual
  • sweaty hands
  • accelerated heart rate and breathing
  • nausea
  • headaches
  • stomachaches

Apart from these signs, parents can usually tell when their child is feeling excessively uneasy about something. Lending a sympathetic ear is always helpful, and sometimes just talking about the fear can help a child move beyond it.

What's a Phobia?

When anxieties and fears persist, problems can arise. As much as a parent hopes the child will grow out of it, sometimes the opposite occurs, and the cause of the anxiety looms larger and becomes more prevalent. The anxiety becomes a phobia, or a fear that's extreme, severe, and persistent.

A phobia can be very difficult to tolerate, both for kids and those around them, especially if the anxiety-producing stimulus (whatever is causing the anxiety) is hard to avoid (e.g., thunderstorms).

"Real" phobias are one of the top reasons children are referred to mental health professionals. But the good news is that unless the phobia hinders the everyday ability to function, the child sometimes won't need treatment by a professional because, in time, the phobia will be resolved.

Focusing on Anxieties, Fears, or Phobias

Try to answer the following questions honestly:

Is your child's fear and behavior related to it typical for your child's age?

If the answer to this question is yes, it's a good bet that your child's fears will resolve before they become a serious cause for concern. This isn't to say that the anxiety should be discounted or ignored; rather, it should be considered as a factor in your child's normal development.

Many kids experience age-appropriate fears, such as being afraid of the dark. Most, with some reassurance and perhaps a night-light, will overcome or outgrow it. However, if they continue to have trouble or there's anxiety about other things, the intervention may have to be more intensive.

What are the symptoms of the fear, and how do they affect your child's personal, social, and academic functioning? If symptoms can be identified and considered in light of your child's everyday activities, adjustments can be made to alleviate some of the stress factors.

Does the fear seem unreasonable in relation to the reality of the situation; and could it be a sign of a more serious problem? If your child's fear seems out of proportion to the cause of the stress, this may signal the need to seek outside help, such as a counselor, psychiatrist, or psychologist.

Parents should look for patterns. If an isolated incident is resolved, don't make it more significant than it is. But if a pattern emerges that's persistent or pervasive, you should take action. If you don't, the phobia is likely to continue to affect your child.

Contact your doctor and/or a mental health professional who has expertise in working with kids and adolescents.

Helping Your Child

Parents can help kids develop the skills and confidence to overcome fears so that they don't evolve into phobic reactions.

To help your child deal with fears and anxieties:

  • Recognize that the fear is real. As trivial as a fear may seem, it feels real to your child and it's causing him or her to feel anxious and afraid. Being able to talk about fears helps — words often take some of the power out of the negative feeling. If you talk about it, it can become less powerful.
  • Never belittle the fear as a way of forcing your child to overcome it. Saying, "Don't be ridiculous! There are no monsters in your closet!" may get your child to go to bed, but it won't make the fear go away.
  • Don't cater to fears, though. If your child doesn't like dogs, don't cross the street deliberately to avoid one. This will just reinforce that dogs should be feared and avoided. Provide support and gentle care as you approach the feared object or situation with your child.
  • Teach kids how to rate fear. A child who can visualize the intensity of the fear on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the strongest, may be able to "see" the fear as less intense than first imagined. Younger kids can think about how "full of fear" they are, with being full "up to my knees" as not so scared, "up to my stomach" as more frightened, and "up to my head" as truly petrified.
  • Teach coping strategies. Try these easy-to-implement techniques. Using you as "home base," the child can venture out toward the feared object, and then return to you for safety before venturing out again. The child can also learn some positive self-statements, such as "I can do this" and "I will be OK" to say to himself or herself when feeling anxious. Relaxation techniques are helpful, including visualization (of floating on a cloud or lying on a beach, for example) and deep breathing (imagining that the lungs are balloons and letting them slowly deflate).

The key to resolving fears and anxieties is to overcome them. Using these suggestions, you can help your child better cope with life's situations.

Reviewed by: D'Arcy Lyness, PhD
Date reviewed: November 2007
Originally reviewed by: David B. Sheslow, PhD

2009年6月8日 星期一

多陪陪孩子

2009/06/05 
和孩子做「見景生情」的陪伴

作者:採訪整理/張綾玲 出處:親子天下

侯文詠,文壇第一暢銷天王。九○年代初期,他所書寫的散文集《親愛的老婆》以幽默詼諧口吻,分享對戀愛與婚姻的喜悅、期待與夢想,幸福的婚姻生活教人豔羨;隨著兩位小壯丁的先後加入,讓這個家變得更熱鬧了。


升格為人父後,他接續以小說《白色巨塔》探討權力、《危險心靈》探討教育,《靈魂擁抱》探討名氣,一部部長篇小說,關照社會諸多議題。近日,他更以中國四大奇書之一《金瓶梅》為讀本,即將推出最新作品《沒有神的所在──私房閱讀金瓶梅》。尤其令人意外的是,從這本極具情色意味的「禁書」裡,侯文詠竟然重新悟得了養兒育女之道……

Q:你的兩個兒子都已邁入青春期,可否聊聊一路走來,為人父的心路歷程?A:我兩個兒子一個十五歲、一個十七歲,今年正好要考基測和學測。剛開始做爸爸,會想要「做之父,做之師」;等孩子慢慢長大,發現這期望太高,於是退一步想「做他的朋友」。直到有次去打禪,聖嚴法師問我:「做爸爸感覺如何?」我說:「只希望能做孩子的朋友就行了。」沒想到師父突然很正經的說:「侯醫師啊,期望孩子做你的朋友,和他將來有很多錢報答你,或他變得很有才華……這都沒什麼兩樣。」當下,我嚇一跳,本以為這算夠卑微了。那時師父淡淡的說:「此時此刻,你就只要好好的跟他相處。」但我全沒「瞭」。之後,小孩經歷國小,到青少年。我慢慢發現父母能影響他們的,真的很有限。往往去演講時,你講一句話可能改變別人一生;但在家裡,在孩子眼中我只是個穿短褲的歐吉桑,就算跟他說一百句他也記不住半句,比不上同儕或身邊朋友。直到今年在寫「金瓶梅」時,看到裡面一句話才終於頓悟:「養兒無須屙金溺銀,只需見景生情」。意指養兒不需用金、銀去保護安排他的未來,只要在他難過挫折時陪伴安慰他,生日開心時為他慶祝。所以說到心路歷程,我以前總說:當先生是從動物到植物,養孩子則從最初想「做之父,做之師」,到退而求其次,想能「做朋友」,現在則是「見景生情的陪伴」了。

Q:在教養過程中,你對孩子有過什麼樣的期許嗎?A:我最近看王浩威的書,裡面寫到台灣這一輩孩子受父母很大的影響。由於父母成就高,不免對孩子過度期待,而孩子也會覺得自己這輩子永遠超越不了父母。就像我孩子,倘若也想像我一樣考上台大、寫小說勝過我,恐怕會很辛苦,但我只是很幸運擁有了這些。於是更加領悟到對孩子有所期待,反而對他是種壓力,愈能了解「見景生情」的真義。對於壓力,孩子多半是不會反映,卻在不知不覺中積累。學校國文課本收錄一篇我的文章,有回大兒子問我,同學想知道會考什麼?我哪知道!後來兒子拿試卷給我,結果裡面考修辭,還要比詞性,真難!我只考了八十幾分。兒子看了我的成績後很樂,直說這在他班上大概只是十幾名,頓時感覺老爸很親和、很有人性,直「虧」說:「你還作者咧!我以為你什麼都很厲害。」其實我有點表演,希望他們沒有覺得我真的很厲害。坦白講,我可能在幾個專業領域做得還不錯,但這只佔我人生不到百分之一啊!其他部分都不怎麼樣。我老婆經常罵我笨,拍戲當製作人也常被說是個濫好人。我其實是不想讓孩子對我誤解,希望能回歸到比較人性本質面。而在教養小孩上,最重要的就是給他練習tried&error的機會,直到變成內在的經驗。但往往做父母,總會幫孩子做好每件事,反倒剝奪他們「嘗試與犯錯」的機會,阻礙學習。就好比捷運悠遊卡弄丟,若你曾讓他自己去面對重辦、繳保證金……種種麻煩手續,他以後就會知道要小心點。孩子年紀愈小,閒的時間愈多,一定要讓他愈麻煩愈好,因為他現在不踩地雷,長大再踩到會更慘,即所謂千求萬求,最難求到他犯錯的經驗。唯有讓他有所學習,才會知道要設身處地為別人設想。所以我的孩子只要出什麼事,一定是讓他自己去解決。

Q:在教養上,你和太太的態度想法一致嗎?又是如何分工的?A:通常都是媽媽看到孩子的問題,我就會接手想點子,和孩子溝通。因為太太是牙醫,從小功課好又很乖,教起孩子很容易落入刻苦勤儉、認真,管得密不通風。我想女生像她這樣乖了一輩子,最好的命運不過是嫁給我這樣一個男人,哈哈,我比較有彈性,所以小孩寧可讓我來管。而且媽媽常常太心急,亂槍打鳥的一天數落孩子十八件事。但我覺得,教孩子不能同時講很多事情,只有「聚焦」才會有效。在教養上,我經歷最久,長達六、七年至今還沒解決的,就是培養孩子「守時」。我的小兒子很會賴,常常下課看人家打籃球忘了時間,遲了上課或回家。但每次他遲到,我一定不在當下念他、訓他,而是等他有空時再好好聊。聊什麼呢?我要他回溯在整個過程裡自己的想法,要他至少記住自己最後一次看錶是何時?當時心裡在想什麼?就這樣,談了六年。他不煩嗎?我想會的。根據佛洛依德的理論,人會做什麼其實都是潛意識,談到他明白自己的潛意識時,他的病就會結束。漸漸的,他遲到的次數減少了。我這麼重視守時,因為我覺得這是一個人對其他人的promise(承諾),而時間又不會太哲學,是很好的借鏡。

Q:所以教養小孩,你會花很多時間和孩子談嗎?A:我感覺養小孩比較像養植物,要有長遠的計畫,要懂得聚焦。我太太養植物都不會活,不是澆太多水就是施太多肥。其實教小孩真的不用花那麼多時間。當你用超過應有的熱情時,就會失去耐心、沒辦法持久。應該像農夫養一大片田,早起看有沒有水,該除草的除一除,很勤快但沒花很多時間。我常跟太太說,小孩要「陪伴」,而不要常常「看著」他。只要能把他旁邊的病蟲害和有毒物去除掉,讓他自己長,做這種事情就好。還有,帶孩子是不能追求效率的。對人追求效率是什麼呢?是要他趕快長大、結婚、生小孩,然後送進棺材裡嗎?我認為,父母能對小孩人生產生的影響,可能連一○%都不到,正因如此,你更不能亂出手,因為你能跟他講的可能只有十句話、十個重點。千萬不要一直把想要給他的,統統強塞給他。我們要相信,樹苗只要有水分、養分,自己會長大,父母能做的就是「基礎工程」、除除草,我們很難把他弄得變漂亮、變大樓、甚至還做裝潢等。

Q:那麼,哪些是你所謂的「基礎工程」呢?A:譬如「健康」就是一個基礎工程,所以我從小就把孩子丟去學游泳、打跆拳,各種能夠勞累的都要去做。然後是「品格」,包括:守時、懂得承擔責任不逃避。所以我會用六到十年來做,持續的、有態度的去做,花時間和他們聊,了解其中邏輯,但都不給結論,否則他們就失去學習的機會。還有件事情我也和小兒子玩十幾年,就是「認錯」。他小學時曾經偷媽媽的錢買game boy,甚至還搞出兩套聯絡簿來。我常講,你看報紙上或政治人物的行為會發現,他們跟小孩一樣,總是不認錯→說謊→把事情搞大→惹出麻煩→到最後事情就爆了。錯誤不會死,但死的是人錯誤的反應。我就會一次次的跟他談:你覺得事情在哪裡時付出的代價會最小?於是現在他慢慢比較不犯錯,也有勇氣認錯。我所謂的基礎工程,還有「自我思考」與「連結他人」的能力。譬如有天他回家,問我要不要簽署讓判那位燙死親生孩子的父親死刑。我說我不簽,也舉了他自己小時候有次錯把葡萄酒當葡萄汁喝後的胡亂行為說給他聽,希望他了解,沒有一個父親願意殺死自己的孩子。我告訴他,做一個決定,不要只想一個角度,起碼要想兩個。因為大部分青少年的氛圍很小,很容易從眾。我希望他除了會想,也要能夠去連結他人,用很快的速度去感受別人的喜怒哀樂與在乎的事情。唯有這樣,別人也才能感受到你的想法與情感。

Q:對於課業,你有沒有什麼要求?怎麼幫助他們探索自己生涯的方向?A:以前年輕時會在乎,現在大了,比較在乎的反而是他們的態度。像現在他們都知道,自己混了兩年,要考學測、基測,這一年得好好地拚,否則以後就沒得玩了。這一年,反倒是我和太太最快樂和自由的時候。我覺得,過去書念得好不好很絕對,以後出社會的成就,也很絕對。但多元化的社會,行業變多,只要有足夠熱忱、能力與興趣相符,同時可以熬過一段無聊過程以鍛鍊出一種專業,絕對能成為箇中佼佼者。亦即學歷並不等於人的幸福力。所以,我覺得應該盡量讓小孩多方面去接觸,找到自己的興趣。像我的小孩,從要當總統、消防員到當醫師,在他不斷的嘗試後,起碼更知道自己喜歡什麼、能做什麼。老大就說他想學財經,想變有錢。他小學三年級時曾經因為不愛寫字,跟我說他不想上學了,要我給他三天好好考慮。我說那也很好,可以在家自學,或者也可以日後去念職業學校,都會有出路的。結果他到處徵詢意見後,還是決定回學校念書,只因學校裡有同學可玩。我的想法是,讓他們在自由中得到自由,幫助他們茁壯、長得更好,更有幸福競爭力,遠比課業、學歷上的高低還來得重要。

而這一年,雖然似乎是被逼著要去念書,但人生的命運常常就是你碰到什麼,就去面對。不妨把學測和基測當做是訓練自己的意志力、當做是打仗,所以一定要吃得好、睡得好,只要用對的方法,就會看到進步。